作者：马海密 来源：原创 发布日期：08-27
A | Washington, Oct 10 (UNI) More and more Indians are entering the United States from the Mexican border.
Since the beginning of the 2022 fiscal year that started last October, a record 16,290 Indian citizens have been taken into US custody at the Mexican border. The previous high of 8,997 was recorded in 2018, BBC reported.
Experts point to a number of reasons for the increase, including a climate of discrimination in India, an end to pandemic-era restrictions, a perception that the current US administration is welcoming to asylum seekers and the ramping-up of previously established smuggling networks.
While some migrants are coming to the US for economic reasons, many are fleeing persecution back home, said Deepak Ahluwalia, an immigration lawyer who has represented Indian nationals in Texas and California.
The latter group range from Muslims, Christians and "low-caste" Hindus to members of India's LGBT community who fear violence at the hands of extreme Hindu nationalists or supporters of the secessionist movement and farmers from the Punjab region, the BBC reported.
Conditions for many of these groups have deteriorated in recent years, international observers say.
Immigrants often see the US as "the ultimate gateway" to a better life, said Ahluwalia, the lawyer.
The enormous distances involved, however, make the trip to the US extremely challenging.
Traditionally, Indian migrants who arrive at the US-Mexican border use "door-to-door" smuggling services, with journeys arranged from India to South America.
They are often guided the entire way and travel in small groups with their fellow countrymen who speak the same language, rather than individually or with only family members.
These networks often begin with India-based "travel agents" which outsource parts of the journey to partner criminal groups in Latin America.
Jessica Bolter, an analyst at the Washington DC-based Migration Policy Institute, said that the number of Indian migrants is also rising as a result of a "ripple effect" that takes place when those who have used these services successfully recommend them to friends or family back in India.
"It naturally expands and draws more migrants," she said. "Of course, that doesn't happen without migrants wanting to leave originally."
Manpreet, a 20-year-old from Punjab who asked that only his first name be used, a vocal critic of India's ruling BJP, fled the country after being persecuted for his political beliefs, the BBC reported.
"From Ecuador I took a bus to Colombia, and from Colombia I took a bus to Panama," Manpreet recalled in an interview with the BBC from California. "From there, via a boat, I (went to) Nicaragua and Guatemala, and then Mexico and entered the US."
Even guided by seasoned smugglers, the trip to the border is often one that is fraught with dangers, including robberies and extortion at the hands of local gangs or corrupt authorities or extreme weather, injuries and illness.
These dangers were highlighted in 2019 when a six-year-old Indian girl from Punjab was found dead in the scorching desert near the border town of Lukeville, Arizona.
It was later reported that she died in temperatures of over 42 C (108 F) after her mother left her with a group of other Indians to go search for water.
UNI MR。据外媒报道，英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋在当地时间19日星期三的国际消费电子展上指出，计算机处理能力每隔几年呈指数级增长的传统观点已达到极限。”“摩尔定律已不复存在，”图形芯片制造商英维达的共同创始人说。长期以来，摩尔定律不仅是计算机处理器制造的指导原则，也是促进科技产业自我实现的预言。
B | iPhone、三星Galaxy智能手机和其他设备的常规改进是由摩尔定律决定的。
C | 然而，当芯片元件的尺寸接近单个原子的尺寸时，要跟上摩尔定律就变得越来越困难。现在，每两年将特定芯片上的晶体管数量和相应的处理能力翻一番，变得越来越昂贵，技术上也越来越困难。黄仁勋在展览会上指出：“摩尔定律过去每五年增长10次，每十年增长100次。现在摩尔定律一年只能增长几个百分点。也许每10年只有两次。摩尔定律结束了。这不是黄仁勋第一次宣布摩尔定律的终结。他在过去几年里也发表过类似的言论。技术产业关注的是，一旦半导体发展放缓，整个电子创新也将放缓。处理器的收缩提高了电池寿命，降低了成本，提高了设备性能。
D | 长期以来，英特尔一直是半导体制造业的领导者。
E | 它已经多次推迟了向10纳米制造业转移的计划，而三星等其他公司也在引进更先进的7纳米芯片。尽管像黄仁勋这样的人已经宣布摩尔定律的终结，材料科学家仍在寻找改善现有硅晶体管技术的方法，并正在探索替代技术，如超薄碳石墨烯片。市场研究公司Moor Insights。
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